名詞解釋：水穩(wěn)：即水泥穩(wěn)定碎石，是以級配碎石作骨料，采用一定數(shù)量的膠凝材料和足夠的灰漿體積填充骨料的空隙，按嵌擠原理攤鋪壓實。其壓實度接近于密實度，強度主要靠碎石間的嵌擠鎖結(jié)原理，同時有足夠的灰漿體積來填充骨料的空隙。它的初期強度高，并且強度隨齡期而增加很快結(jié)成板體，因而具有較高的強度，抗?jié)B度和抗凍性較好。水泥穩(wěn)定碎石水泥用量一般為混合料3%～6%，7天的無側(cè)限抗壓強度可達5.0Mpa，較其他路基材料高。水泥穩(wěn)定碎石成活后遇雨不泥濘，表面堅實，是高級路面的理想基層材料。

　　Definition: Water stable: refers to cement stabilized crushed stone, which is made of graded crushed stone as aggregate, filled with a certain amount of cementitious material and sufficient mortar volume to fill the gaps in the aggregate, and spread and compact according to the principle of interlocking. Its compaction degree is close to that of compactness, and its strength mainly relies on the interlocking principle between crushed stones, while having sufficient mortar volume to fill the voids of the aggregate. Its initial strength is high, and the strength increases quickly with age to form a board, thus it has high strength, good impermeability and frost resistance. The cement dosage for cement stabilized crushed stone is generally 3% to 6% of the mixture, and the unconfined compressive strength after 7 days can reach 5.0 Mpa, which is higher than other roadbed materials. Cement stabilized crushed stone, after survival, does not become muddy in the rain and has a solid surface, making it an ideal base material for high-grade road surfaces.

　　施工全過程圖解說明：正式開工前需進行水泥穩(wěn)定碎石配合比設(shè)計，施工方案、配合比經(jīng)批復(fù)后，可進行以下施工：底基層驗收對底基層進行檢查驗收：包括高程、中線偏位、寬度、橫坡度和平整度、壓實度等。所有檢測項目符合設(shè)計和規(guī)范要求后方可進行下一工序。

　　Construction process diagram: Before the official start of construction, a cement stabilized crushed stone mix design is required. After the construction plan and mix ratio are approved, the following construction can be carried out: inspection and acceptance of the subgrade layer, including elevation, centerline deviation, width, cross slope, flatness, compaction, etc. All testing items must meet the design and specification requirements before proceeding to the next process.

　　施工放樣

　　Construction layout

　　施工前進行測量放樣，在直線上間隔為10m，在平曲線上為5m，做出標記，并打好導(dǎo)向控制線支架。根據(jù)松鋪系數(shù)，確定攤鋪厚度，松坡系數(shù)一般由試驗段進行確定。高程測量混合料拌和

　　Before construction, conduct measurement and layout, with a spacing of 10m on straight lines and 5m on flat curved lines, make marks, and set up guide control line supports. According to the coefficient of loose paving, the paving thickness is determined, and the coefficient of loose slope is generally determined by the test section. Mixing of elevation measurement mixture

　?。?）開工前需驗證拌和站計量系統(tǒng)的精確性和混合料的級配。

　　(1) Before starting work, it is necessary to verify the accuracy of the measuring system at the mixing station and the grading of the mixture.

　?。?）拌和站操作人員根據(jù)試驗室下達的施工配合比通知，將各種材料的配比輸入拌和站的控制電腦系統(tǒng)，拌和采用已經(jīng)標定完成的拌和機集中拌和。

　　(2) The mixing station operator inputs the mix proportions of various materials into the control computer system of the mixing station according to the construction mix proportion notification issued by the laboratory. The mixing is carried out using a calibrated mixing machine for centralized mixing.

　　混合料的運輸

　　Transportation of mixed materials

　?。?）運輸車輛車廂已經(jīng)清洗干凈無其它雜物；

　　(1) The carriage of the transport vehicle has been cleaned and free of any other debris;

　?。?）料車在接料過程派專人指揮分前、后、中三次接料，盡量避免裝料環(huán)節(jié)出現(xiàn)集料離析；

　　(2) During the material receiving process, a dedicated person is assigned to direct the material to be received three times: before, after, and during the loading process, in order to avoid aggregate segregation as much as possible;

　?。?）運輸車輛駛?cè)霐備伂F(xiàn)場后，在指揮人員的指揮下有序停放，直行駛?cè)肼坊?，直接倒車然后進行攤鋪；

　　(3) After the transport vehicle enters the paving site, it will park in an orderly manner under the command of the commanding personnel, drive straight into the roadbed, reverse directly, and then proceed with paving;

　?。?）由專人指揮卸料，卸料車井然有序，在攤鋪路面前30cm左右處停車，確保運輸車輛不發(fā)生意外事故；

　　(4) Under the command of a dedicated person for unloading, the unloading vehicle should be orderly and parked about 30cm in front of the paving road to ensure that there are no accidents with the transport vehicle;

　?。?）混合料運輸過程中全覆蓋，減少水分損失，防止沿途漏料。

　　(5) Fully cover the mixture during transportation to reduce moisture loss and prevent material leakage along the way.

　　混合料的攤鋪

　　Spread of mixture

　?。?）攤鋪前應(yīng)將底基層或基層下層適當酒水濕潤。

　　(1) Before paving, the base layer or lower layer of the base layer should be appropriately moistened with alcohol.

　?。?）攤鋪前應(yīng)檢查攤鋪機各部分運轉(zhuǎn)情況，而且每天堅持重復(fù)此項工作。

　　(2) Before paving, the operation of each part of the paver should be checked, and this work should be repeated every day.

　?。?）調(diào)整好傳感器臂與導(dǎo)向控制線的關(guān)系；嚴格控制基層厚度和高程，保證路拱橫坡度滿足設(shè)計要求。

　　(3) Adjust the relationship between the sensor arm and the guidance control line; Strictly control the thickness and elevation of the base layer to ensure that the cross slope of the road arch meets the design requirements.

　?。?）攤鋪機宜連續(xù)攤鋪。雖拌和機生產(chǎn)能力滿足現(xiàn)場施工需求，但在用攤鋪機攤鋪混合料時，要采用最低速度攤鋪，禁止攤鋪機停機待料。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，攤鋪機的攤鋪速度一般宜在1m/min左右。

　　(4) The paver should be used for continuous paving. Although the production capacity of the mixer meets the on-site construction needs, when using the paver to spread the mixture, the lowest speed should be used for spreading, and the paver should not be stopped for waiting for materials. Based on experience, the paving speed of a paver should generally be around 1m/min.

　?。?）基層混合料攤鋪應(yīng)采用兩臺攤鋪機梯隊作業(yè)，一前一后應(yīng)保證速度一致、攤鋪厚度一致、松鋪系數(shù)一致、路拱坡度一致、攤鋪平整度一致、振動頻率一致等，兩機攤鋪接縫平整。

　　(5) The paving of grassroots mixture should be carried out in a staggered manner using two pavers, one in front and one behind, to ensure consistent speed, paving thickness, loose paving coefficient, road arch slope, paving smoothness, vibration frequency, etc. The paving joints of the two machines should be smooth.

　?。?）攤鋪機的螺旋布料器應(yīng)有三分之二埋入混合料中。

　　(6) The spiral feeder of the paver should be two-thirds buried in the mixture.

　?。?）在攤鋪機后面應(yīng)設(shè)專人消除細集料離析現(xiàn)象，特別應(yīng)該鏟除局部粗集料“窩”，并用新拌混合料填補。

　　(7) A dedicated person should be assigned behind the paver to eliminate the segregation of fine aggregate, especially to remove local coarse aggregate "pits" and fill them with fresh mixed material.

　　混合料攤鋪混合料的碾壓具體碾壓遍數(shù)及速度需根據(jù)試驗段結(jié)果確定。

　　The specific number of rolling passes and speed for paving the mixture should be determined based on the results of the test section.

　　（1）每臺攤鋪機后面，應(yīng)緊跟振動壓路機和輪胎壓路機從邊部向中間進行碾壓，一次碾壓長度一般為50m～80m。碾壓段落必須層次分明，設(shè)置明顯的分界標志，有監(jiān)理旁站。

　　(1) Behind each paver, a vibratory roller and a tire roller should be used to roll from the edge to the middle, with a rolling length of generally 50m to 80m. The compacted sections must be clearly layered, with clear boundary markers and supervision on site.

　?。?）碾壓應(yīng)遵循試驗段確定的程序與工藝。注意穩(wěn)壓要充分，振壓不起浪、不推移。壓實時，可以先穩(wěn)壓(遍數(shù)適中，壓實度達到90%)→開始輕振動碾壓→再重振動碾壓→最后膠輪穩(wěn)壓，壓至無輪跡為止。碾壓過程中，用灌砂法進行壓實度檢測，不合格時，重復(fù)再壓(注意檢測壓實時間)，碾壓完成后再次檢測壓實度，直至壓實度符合要求。

　　(2) Rolling should follow the procedures and processes determined by the test section. Pay attention to sufficient voltage stabilization, and ensure that the vibration pressure does not generate waves or shift. When compacting, you can first stabilize the pressure (with moderate passes and a compaction degree of 90%) → start light vibration rolling → then heavy vibration rolling → finally stabilize the pressure with rubber wheels until there are no wheel marks. During the compaction process, the sand filling method is used to test the compaction degree. If it fails, the compaction is repeated (pay attention to the compaction time). After the compaction is completed, the compaction degree is checked again until it meets the requirements.

　?。?）壓路機碾壓時應(yīng)重疊1/2輪寬。

　　(3) The roller should overlap by half the wheel width when rolling.

　?。?）壓路機倒車換擋要輕且平順，不要拉動基層，在第一遍初步穩(wěn)壓時，倒車后盡量原路返回，換擋位置應(yīng)在已壓好的段落上,在未碾壓的一頭換擋倒車位置錯開,要成齒狀，出現(xiàn)個別擁包時，應(yīng)專配工人進行鏟平處理。

　　(4) The reverse gear shift of the road roller should be light and smooth, without pulling the base layer. During the initial stabilization of the first pass, try to return to the original road as much as possible after reversing. The gear shift position should be on the already compacted section, and the reverse position should be staggered on the unrolled end, forming a tooth shape. When there are individual bags, a dedicated worker should be assigned to level them.

　?。?）壓路機碾壓時的行駛速度，第1～2遍為1.5～1.7km/h， 以后各遍為1.8～2.2km/h.

　　(5) The driving speed of the road roller during compaction is 1.5-1.7km/h for the first and second passes, and 1.8-2.2km/h for each subsequent pass

　　（6）壓路機停車要錯開,而且離開3m遠，最好停在已碾壓好的路段上，以免破壞基層結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　(6) The parking of the roller should be staggered and kept 3 meters away. It is best to park on the already compacted road section to avoid damaging the base structure.

　?。?）嚴禁壓路機在已完成的或正在碾壓的路段上調(diào)頭和急剎車，以保證水泥穩(wěn)定碎石層表面不受破壞。碾壓橫縫設(shè)置水泥穩(wěn)定類混合料攤鋪時，必須連續(xù)作業(yè)不中斷，如因故中斷時間超過2h，則應(yīng)設(shè)橫縫；每天收工之后，第二天開工的接頭斷面也要設(shè)置橫縫；每當通過橋涵，特別是明涵、明通，在其兩邊需要設(shè)置橫縫，基層的橫縫與橋頭搭板尾端吻合。要特別注意橋頭搭板前水泥穩(wěn)定碎石的碾壓。

　　(7) It is strictly prohibited for the road roller to turn around or brake abruptly on the completed or rolling road section to ensure that the surface of the cement stabilized crushed stone layer is not damaged. When paving cement stabilized mixtures with transverse joints, continuous operation must be carried out without interruption. If the interruption time exceeds 2 hours due to reasons, transverse joints should be installed; After the end of each day's work, the joint section that starts the next day should also be equipped with transverse joints; Whenever passing through bridges and culverts, especially open culverts and clear passages, transverse joints need to be set on both sides, and the transverse joints of the base layer should match the tail end of the bridge deck. Special attention should be paid to the compaction of cement stabilized crushed stone before the bridge deck construction.

　　橫縫設(shè)置覆蓋養(yǎng)生

　　Horizontal seam setting covers health preservation

　?。?）每一段碾壓完成以后立即開始養(yǎng)生，并同時進行壓實度檢查。

　　(1) After each compaction is completed, start curing immediately and conduct compaction degree inspection at the same time.

　?。?）養(yǎng)生方法：應(yīng)將土工布濕潤，然后人工覆蓋在碾壓完成的基層頂面。覆蓋2h后，再用灑水車灑水。在7d內(nèi)保持基層處于濕潤狀態(tài)，28d內(nèi)正常養(yǎng)護。不得用濕粘土、塑料薄膜或塑料編織物覆蓋。上一層路面結(jié)構(gòu)施工時方可移走覆蓋物，養(yǎng)生期間應(yīng)定期灑水。

　　(2) Health preservation method: The geotextile should be moistened and then manually covered on the top surface of the compacted base layer. After covering for 2 hours, use a sprinkler truck to water again. Keep the base layer moist within 7 days and maintain it normally within 28 days. Do not cover with wet clay, plastic film, or plastic woven fabric. The covering can only be removed during the construction of the previous pavement structure, and regular watering should be carried out during the maintenance period.

　　養(yǎng)生結(jié)束后，必須將覆蓋物清除干凈。

　　After the health preservation is completed, the covering must be cleaned thoroughly.

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